Lets start with Understanding what exactly Master Page in SharePoint is.
Master Page is like a template which is applied on all the pages of the site. It Provides the basic structure to all the pages on the site and provides certain place holders to be filled with content.
Controls which are needed through out all site pages are added here. Master Pages mostly used for the following:
- Linking CSS files.
- Calling JavaScript
- Top and Left Navigation
- Site Footers.
- Tracking Code like Google Analytic.
Now that we understand, what Master Page is Lets see how we could customize Master Pages:
Master pages are available in the Master Page gallery which is available in site settings. You can simply download the files, update in any file editor and upload it back. I prefer to work with SharePoint Designer.
To customize the master page in SharePoint designer, open the site in SharePoint designer and open the master pages from left navigation.
We can either create a master page from scratch or copy any master page and modify as per our needs. Once we are done all we need to do is to set the new master page as default master page for the site. we could use the set as default command available in the ribbon.
For deeper understanding on customizing master page, visit this Microsoft link.
Note: You might see many elements which could sound like of no use, but SharePoint use them. You it is important not to remove any element unless you know what you are doing
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